ARIA is an independent funding organisation in Britain, backed by public money. It was established to fund high-risk, high-reward research.
ARIA has committed £56.8m ($75.4m) over five years to 21 solar-geoengineering projects, making Britain the largest state funder of such research. The programme is directed by Mark Symes, an electrochemist at the University of Glasgow, and aims to examine "holistically" whether different geoengineering technologies and approaches could ever be effective or scalable.
A separate five-year, £81m ($109m) programme involves 26 teams building an "early warning system for climate tipping points". The initial focus is on the breakdown of the Greenland ice sheet and the collapse of the subpolar gyre, a north Atlantic current that helps power AMOC. Teams include the British Antarctic Survey, Oshen (a self-sailing-robot startup) and Marble (a drone-monitoring company).
I have made this letter longer than usual because I lack the time to make it shorter.